PEM fuel cell testing
Testing PEM Fuel Cells is a crucial process in their development and optimization. It involves multiple aspects that are highly relevant for the performance, efficiency, and durability of fuel cells.
With a range of state-of-the-art test systems and in-depth fuel cell expertise, HORIBA FuelCon positions itself as the trusted partner for research, development, and production in the field of PEM fuel cells. We strictly comply with the latest standards and regulations to support our customers in a rapidly evolving regulatory environment. As an active member of international hydrogen working groups, we assist our customers with R&D and market trends, funded projects, testing requirements, and more.
Test-Methods and -parameters
In PEM fuel cell testing, the following parameters are typically controlled and measured:
- Fuel supply (hydrogen and air)
- Humidity
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Electrical power
- Voltage and current values
These tests make it possible to assess the performance and efficiency of fuel cells under various conditions.
What are PEM Fuel Cells?
What are PEM Fuel Cells?
PEM fuel cells, also known as Proton Exchange Membrane or Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells, are a type of low-temperature cell. They operate in a temperature range from room temperature up to about 80°C and feature a polymer membrane that serves as the electrolyte.
These fuel cells stand out for their ability to tolerate high current densities and adapt within seconds to abrupt current fluctuations. They are frequently used in portable power and propulsion applications, such as in spacecraft, passenger cars, drones, and commercial vehicles, typically delivering power outputs between 10 W and 1 MW.
The advantages of PEM fuel cells include rapid start-up (just a few seconds), the highest power density among all fuel cell types, and low operating temperatures. However, they also present certain drawbacks, such as the high cost of catalysts, sensitivity to carbon monoxide and sulfur impurities, and the need for high-purity hydrogen along with complex water management.
Key Characteristics
- Operating temperature of about 50–90°C
- Efficiency of around 45% (up to 80% with combined heat and power)
- Chemistry: H₂ (g) + ½ O₂ (g) → H₂O (l)
- Electrolyte material: Fluorinated polymer (e.g., Nafion™)
- Catalyst material: Platinum
Operating Principle
PEM fuel cells are capable of providing electrical and thermal energy with very high efficiency, without producing harmful emissions. Their operating principle is based on an electrochemical reaction; rather than storing energy, they act as energy converters. A single PEM cell typically consists of the following components:
- Anode: The anode is the negative electrode of the cell and is made of a catalytically active material such as platinum or a platinum alloy. It serves as the catalyst for the oxidation of hydrogen.
- Cathode: The cathode is the positive electrode of the cell and is also made of a catalytically active material like platinum or a platinum alloy. It acts as the catalyst for the reduction of oxygen.
- Proton Exchange Membrane: The proton exchange membrane is the core of the single PEM cell. It is composed of a polymer material that allows protons to pass through but blocks the flow of electrons. This membrane enables the transport of protons from the anode to the cathode while keeping hydrogen and oxygen streams separated.
- Bipolar Plate: The bipolar plate is a conductive plate placed between individual cells to enable current flow. It is often made of graphite or metal and includes channels for hydrogen and oxygen flow.
- Seals: Seals are used to tighten and secure the individual components of the single PEM cell, preventing any leakage of hydrogen or oxygen.
- Gas Supply System: The gas supply system provides the flow of hydrogen and oxygen necessary for the reaction in the single PEM cell.
These components work together to enable the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, thereby generating electrical energy.
How can we support you?
We stand by your side as a reliable partner for testing PEM fuel cells. Our solutions comply with the highest industry standards, ensuring that all relevant regulations are met. We also place the highest priority on the safety of your employees and test specimens. Rely on HORIBA FuelCon’s expertise to meet your testing requirements and successfully support your projects.
Our Advantages at a Glance
There are numerous methods available for testing PEM fuel cells. One option is to use tilt or vibration tables to simulate road conditions. Alternatively, environmental simulations—such as using a climate chamber—can be integrated. Furthermore, fuel cell management systems can be incorporated into the test environment via the CAN bus. These versatile options offer a high degree of flexibility and enable comprehensive testing of PEM fuel cells under realistic conditions.
- Efficiency: HORIBA FuelCon offers time-efficient and cost-effective testing equipment, specifically designed to support extensive automated test procedures.
- Flexibility: Maximum flexibility through open interfaces and various options for customized applications.
- Automation: Fully automated, unattended tests with the user-friendly TestWork software.
- Safety: Comprehensive safety checks and technologies, as well as a robust, high-quality build, ensure worry-free operation and long service life.
- Data Handling: Reliable data management with flexible customer interfaces and continuous data recording at adjustable logging rates.
Safety
All enclosed test stands feature an integrated ventilation system and a LEL hydrogen detector to ensure maximum safety. At HORIBA FuelCon, we take comprehensive safety measures to protect your personnel, the test stand itself, and your test items. For us, safety is not optional—it’s essential! Each test stand is supplied with CE marking and a complete conformity package as standard. Furthermore, we have implemented a sophisticated 4-stage alarm concept that guarantees independent safety countermeasures even in the event of major failures.